Crop rotations in peasant (farm) enterprises
Crop rotations in peasant (farm) enterprises differ somewhat from traditional crop rotations due to their specific nature, although in general the principles of their construction remain the same. The alternation schemes, types, and kinds of crop rotations in peasant enterprises are determined by the area of arable land, specialization, soil and climatic conditions, technical and resource capabilities, market conditions, and other conditions.
As a rule, the field area in peasant-farm enterprises is small — up to 100 ha; they introduce one crop rotation of narrow specialization and short rotation. Under field-crop specialization, a field crop rotation is introduced; under livestock specialization, a fodder crop rotation; under vegetable-growing specialization, a special vegetable crop rotation.
Examples of crop rotations in peasant (farm) enterprises
Peasant-farm enterprises mainly specialize in crop production. Among the main crops, they cultivate cereals, fodder crops, and potatoes. The following crop rotations are common among such enterprises:
- 1 — perennial grasses, 2 — winter cereals, 3 — barley with undersowing of perennial grasses;
- 1 — annual grasses, 2 — spring cereals or winter cereals, 3 — potatoes or root crops;
- 1 — lupine for silage and green matter, 2 — winter rye, 3 — potatoes;
- 1 — clover, 2 — winter cereals, 3 — spring cereals, 4 — grain legumes and groat crops, 5 — spring cereals with undersowing of clover;
- 1-2 — perennial grasses, 3 — vegetables, potatoes, or root crops, 4 — spring cereals with undersowing of perennial grasses.
In peasant-farm enterprises with grain and livestock specialization, the following crop rotations are used:
- 1-2 — perennial grasses, 3 — winter cereals, 4 — silage crops, 5 — spring cereals, 6 — annual grasses with undersowing of perennial grasses;
- 1 — perennial grasses, 2 — winter cereals, 3 — potatoes, root crops, 4 — spring cereals, 5 — annual grasses, 6 — silage crops, 7 — spring cereals with undersowing of perennial grasses;
- 1 — lupine for silage, 2 — winter cereals, 3 — potatoes, silage crops, 4 — lupine for seed, 5 — spring cereals;
- 1 — annual grasses, 2 — winter cereals, 3 — root crops, potatoes, 4 — maize for silage, 5 — spring cereals.
For the production of succulent fodder, the following alternation schemes are used:
- 1 — fodder beet, 2 — potatoes, 3 — maize for green fodder or silage, 4 — potatoes;
- 1 — winter cereals, 2 — fodder beet, 3 — potatoes, 4 — maize for green fodder and silage.
References
- Niklyaev V. S. (2000). Fundamentals of Agricultural Production Technology. Agriculture and Crop Production. Moscow: “Bylina”.
